What is Pathology and clinical Biochemistry:

Clinical Biochemistry: It is the biochemical investigation of body fluids such as serum, blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Diseases can be diagnosed and monitored by discovering how and where the body’s chemistry has changed.

Pathology: it is the branch of medicine that deals with the essential nature of the disease and the changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease.

The Department of Pathology and clinical biochemistry at Rajendra Hospital provides comprehensive diagnostic services which have reduced human interference to a minimum by reducing the chances of error. The department is operated by a team of highly dedicated, sincere, and experienced technical staff who is fully committed to maintaining the highest standard of work and accuracy of reports. We always follow a vigilant and rigid quality control system. We also use advanced equipment, including fully and semi-automated analysers to produce accurate results for disease identification. We also provide prompt reporting to our patients thereby helping and guiding the clinicians in proper patient management. Our laboratory department operates 24 hours a day and seven days a week.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care:

Anaesthesia is a medical treatment that prevents patients from feeling pain during procedures like surgery, certain screening and diagnostic tests, and tissue sample removal (e.g., skin biopsies).  It allows people to have procedures that lead to healthier and longer lives.

The Anaesthesia department in Rajendra hospital is committed to providing the highest quality of anaesthesia services to its patients. We treat patients of all age groups from new-borns to elderly patients. We provide different type of anaesthesia as per the surgical need of the patients. @ Rajendra Hospital, we are dedicated to keeping our patients pain-free and comfortable during medical and surgical procedures. The Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department at our centre has full-time anaesthetists who handle the patients in the medical and surgical ICU. Our anaesthesia room and operation theatres are well equipped with state-of-the- art and world-class anaesthesia machines like GE Datex-Ohmeda 9100c NXT with electronic gas flow measurement, proven ventilation versatility to improve the comfort level, and enhancing quality of patient care. We have a robust intensive-care immediate-postoperative care recovery room. We have the privilege of having to offer intensive care to around 10% of surgical patients every day. In addition, an intricate and well-structured intensive care patient transfer procedure is operational for intra-hospital transfer of critically-ill patients.

The anaesthesiologists are responsible for the safety and well-being of patients before, during and after surgery. This includes placing patients in a state of controlled unconsciousness called “general anaesthesia”, the provision of “regional anaesthesia” where only a portion of the body is made numb, or administering sedation when indicated for the relief of pain or anxiety.  The anaesthetic provides continuous pain relief and sustain patients’ critical life functions as they are affected throughout surgical, obstetrical or other medical procedures.

Type of anaesthesia services:

The following types of Anaesthesia services we are offering to our patients for their medical and surgical conditions:

Pre-anaesthetic check-up (PAC): The anaesthesiologist is responsible for the preoperative assessment of the patient. The patients who have been planned for surgery, will be given a thorough physical check-up and they would be optimized for any medical comorbidity. PAC will brief the patients regarding options in anaesthesia and methos of postoperative pain relief. PAC will also remove the anxieties of patients regarding surgery and anaesthesia and respect the patient’s choices. The anaesthesiologist is also responsible for the wellbeing of the patient postoperatively while the patient emerges from the effects of anaesthesia.

Regional anaesthesia: This type of anaesthesia removes pain or desensitizes a part of the patient’s body. During the procedure, the patient may be conscious or have sedation in addition to the regional anaesthesia. For example, Epidural Anaesthesia is given to ease the pain of open urology surgery and vaginal delivery. Spinal anaesthesia (SAB) for Endourology surgery, caesarean section, or Regional anaesthesia for upper arm block for AV fistula surgery and orthopaedic surgery.

General anaesthesia: This type of anaesthesia makes the patient unconscious and insensitive to pain or other stimuli. General anaesthesia is used for more invasive surgical procedures such as Laparoscopic surgery, or open procedures where the movement has to be restricted.

Monitored (sedation) Anaesthesia Care: This is a type of anaesthesia where intravenous drugs are given which causes sedation and pain relief. Sedation anaesthesia relaxes the patient to the point where he/she will have a more natural sleep but can be easily aroused or awakened. This type of anaesthesia is being offered for minor procedures like cystoscopy, DJ stenting, circumcision, D&C in the gynaecological procedure, or minor general surgery procedures.

How should you prepare for anaesthesia?

• Make sure your anaesthetist has current list of the medications and supplements you take. Certain drugs may interact with anaesthesia drugs or some medication can cause bleeding and increase the risk of complications.
• You must avoid food and drinks for eight hours before you go for surgery.
• Quit smoking, even if it is just for one day before the procedure, to improve heart and lung health. The best effects are seen with no smoking for two weeks before surgery.
• You should take certain (but not all) blood pressure medications with a sip of water as instructed by your healthcare provider.
• Avoid anti-diabetic drugs the day of surgery.
• Remove all ornaments before going to the operation theatre.

What are the potential risks or complications of anaesthesia?

• Anaesthetic awareness: For unknown reasons, about one out of every 1,000 people who receive general anaesthesia experience awareness during a procedure. You may be aware of your surroundings but unable to move or communicate.
• Collapsed lung (atelectasis): Surgery that uses general anaesthesia or a breathing tube can cause a collapsed lung. This rare problem occurs when air sacs in the lung deflate or fill with fluid.
• Malignant hyperthermia: People who have malignant hyperthermia (MH) experience a dangerous reaction to anaesthesia. This rare inherited syndrome causes fever and muscle contractions during surgery. It is important to relate a personal or family history of MH to your anaesthesiologist before your anaesthetic to avoid drugs that trigger this reaction.
• Nerve damage: Although rare, some people experience nerve damage that causes temporary or permanent neuropathic pain, numbness, or weakness.
• Postoperative delirium: older people are more prone to postoperative delirium. This condition causes confusion that comes and goes for about a week. Some people experience long-term memory and learning problems. This condition is known as postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Certain factors make it riskier to receive anaesthesia, including:

• Advanced age
• Diabetes or kidney disease
• Family history of malignant hyperthermia (anaesthesia allergy)
• Heart disease, high blood pressure (hypertension) or strokes
• Lung diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Obesity (high body mass index or BMI)
• Seizures or neurological disorders
• Sleep apnoea
• Smoking

How long does it take to recover from anaesthesia?

Anaesthetic drugs can stay in your system for up to 24 hours. If you’ve had monitored or regional or general anaesthesia, you shouldn’t return to work or drive until the drugs have left your body. After local anaesthesia, you should be able to resume normal activities, as long as your healthcare provider says it’s okay.